Synthetic polymers include most of today's plastic materials that one can encounter in their day-to-day life such as plastics used in cars, mobile phones, electrical appliances, packaging material etc. Polyvinyl chloride is used in furniture and clothing and has recently become famous for the construction for doors and windows. the application of polymers and their subsequent composites is still advancing and increasing quickly due to their ease regarding manufacturing. They are used as stabilizers, pigments and other components to form plastics. Introduction. Made up of many smaller units called monomers, which are joined through a process called polymerisation. For example, when materials are used at high temperature or exposed to sunlight, as in the case of automotive interior materials, they rapidly degrade during use. EXAMPLES-Bakelite,formaldehyde etc. Mechanical Recycling: In this process, the plastic is shredded and turned to granules before using it to make new items. Some examples are given as follows:-Poly β-hydroxybutyrate – co-β-hydroxy valerate (PHBV):- It is derived by combining 3-hydroxy butanoic acid and 3-hydroxy pentanoic acid, in which monomers are cross-linked by an ester linkage. How a polymer additive is used varies depending on polymer and application. Polyethylene is most commonly used by humans all over the world in various forms such as garbage bags, soda bottles, packaging, containers, etc. 1 file . Some familiar household synthetic polymers include nylons in textiles and fabrics, Teflon in non-stick pans, and polyvinyl chloride in pipes. It decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water. synthetic polymers, example: Nylon, polyethene, polystyrene, synthetic rubber, PVC, Teflon etc. What is an Elastomer? This organic chemical compounds are the monomers which make proteins. Category: Design and technology. book for details). Resins are any of the chemically modified natural resins or synthetic polymers which are physically similar, including thermoplastic materials such as polyvinyl, polystyrene, and polyethylene, as well as thermosetting materials such as polyesters, epoxies, and silicones. For example, the geometry of the structure affects their packing of molecules, hydrocarbons with 2 bonds (triple bond) are linear and pack better than carbons with 3 bonds (double bond) that are trigonal but flat, carbon with 4 bonds (single bond) are tetrahedral which doesn’t pack as well as 2 and 3 bonds (Kotz and Treichel, 2019). These include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. Such materials can be sensitive to temperature, humidity, pH, light intensity, or electrical or magnetic field, and can respond in various ways, such as altering color or transparency, becoming … Starch is a natural polymer that is made up of hundreds of glucose molecules, similarly natural rubber is a polymer obtained from the latex of a rubber tree. Many of the useful properties of polymers are in fact unique to polymers and are due to their long chain molecular structure. Synthetic polymers have a number of uses and are widely used in household products. A wide variety of synthetic polymers are also available with variations in their main chains and side chains. Polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules that are multiples of simpler chemical units. These issues will be discussed at length in the next chapter. Responsive polymer-based materials are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties upon exposure to external stimuli. Polythene used for carrier bags and plastics. Polymers can be classified based on various parameters due to their complexity. Example: Vulcanized Rubber ( Sulphur is used in cross bonding the polymer chains found in natural rubber) Cellulose acetate (rayon) etc. The specific application of natural polymers in pharmaceutical formulations include their use in the manufacture of solid implants, films, beads, microparticles, nanoparticles, inhalable and injectable systems as well as viscous liquid formulations2-4. Polymers are usually chemically unreactive. They are derived from petroleum oil and include products such as nylon, synthetic rubbers, polyester, Teflon, polyethylene, and epoxy. Some of the examples of natural polymers are proteins and nucleic acid that occur in human body, cellulose, natural rubber, silk, and wool. Their findings permitted, for the first time, the synthesis of unbranched, high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE), laboratory synthesis of natural rubber from isoprene, and configurational control of polymers from terminal alkenes like propene (e.g.
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